Calendula, also known as pot marigold, is a beautiful and versatile flower that can be easily grown from seed. With its vibrant colors and medicinal properties, it has become a popular choice for home gardeners. In this article, we will guide you through the process of growing calendula from seed, from selecting the right variety to caring for your plants.
Choosing the Right Variety
There are many different varieties of calendula to choose from, each with its own unique characteristics. Some popular varieties include ‘Indian Prince’ with its deep orange flowers, ‘Pacific Beauty’ with its mix of vibrant colors, and ‘Snow Princess’ with its pure white petals. Consider the climate and growing conditions in your area when selecting a variety, as some may be more suitable for certain regions.
Starting Seeds Indoors
If you live in a region with a short growing season, it is recommended to start calendula seeds indoors. This will give your plants a head start and ensure they have enough time to mature before the first frost. Here’s how to do it:
- Fill a seed tray or small pots with seed starting mix. Calendula seeds require light to germinate, so do not cover them with soil.
- Moisten the soil with water, but avoid making it too wet. Excess moisture can lead to rot.
- Place the seeds on top of the soil, spacing them about an inch apart.
- Gently press the seeds into the soil to ensure good contact.
- Place the tray or pots in a warm location with plenty of sunlight, such as a south-facing window.
- Keep the soil consistently moist, but avoid overwatering.
- Seeds should germinate within 7-14 days. Once the seedlings have grown a few inches tall and have developed their true leaves, they can be transplanted outdoors.
Direct Sowing
If you live in a region with a longer growing season or if you prefer to sow seeds directly in the garden, you can do so after the last frost has passed. Here’s how:
- Choose a sunny location in your garden with well-draining soil.
- Prepare the soil by removing any weeds and loosening it with a garden fork or tiller.
- Scatter the seeds over the soil, spacing them about an inch apart.
- Gently press the seeds into the soil to ensure good contact.
- Water the area thoroughly, keeping the soil consistently moist until the seeds germinate.
- Thin the seedlings once they have grown a few inches tall, leaving the strongest plants spaced about 6-12 inches apart.
Caring for Calendula Plants
Calendula is a relatively low-maintenance plant, but there are a few key things to keep in mind to ensure healthy growth:
- Water regularly, especially during dry periods. Calendula prefers moist soil but can tolerate some drought.
- Deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms and prevent self-seeding.
- Fertilize every 4-6 weeks with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth.
- Monitor for pests such as aphids and caterpillars. If necessary, treat with organic insecticides.
- Protect your plants from extreme heat or frost by providing shade or covering them with a frost cloth.
Harvesting and Using Calendula Flowers
Calendula flowers can be harvested when they are fully open and at their peak. Here’s how to do it:
- Choose flowers that are fully open and have vibrant colors.
- Using clean scissors or garden shears, cut the flowers from the plant, leaving a short stem attached.
- Harvest in the morning when the flowers are at their freshest.
- Use the flowers immediately or dry them for later use.
Calendula flowers have a wide range of uses, from culinary to medicinal. They can be used fresh in salads, soups, and stews, or dried and used to make teas, infused oils, and salves. The petals can also be used to add color to homemade soaps and cosmetics.
Summary
Calendula is a beautiful and versatile flower that can be easily grown from seed. Whether you choose to start seeds indoors or sow them directly in the garden, calendula is a relatively low-maintenance plant that will reward you with its vibrant colors and medicinal properties. Remember to choose the right variety, provide the necessary care, and harvest the flowers at their peak for the best results. Happy gardening!